National parks and wildlife sanctuaries / nature reserves

Amazing Wildlife Parks & Sanctuaries

Yala

Located in the southeastern reaches of Sri Lanka, Yala National Park stands as a celebrated wildlife sanctuary, drawing admirers from near and far. As the country’s second-largest national park, it resides in the Hambantota district, a journey of approximately 300 kilometers from Colombo, the bustling capital.

Exploration of Yala often takes the form of jeep safaris, wherein visitors traverse the park’s varied terrain to witness its untamed beauty and diverse wildlife. About 32 species of mammals, 125 species of birds and many reptiles and lagoon fauna species have been recorded in the park.

For those seeking a more immersive experience, Yala extends camping and accommodation options, enabling guests to become one with the natural surroundings. Its assorted ecosystems and the chance to observe wildlife in their native habitats position Yala as an indispensable destination for those eager to uncover the marvels of Sri Lanka.

Wilpattu

Situated on the northwest coast of Sri Lanka in the Puttalam district, Wilpattu National Park stands as one of the country’s most ancient and expansive wildlife sanctuaries, celebrated for its rich biodiversity and natural splendor. Located approximately 30 kilometers west of Anuradhapura, an ancient capital of Sri Lanka, this park has become a hallmark for nature enthusiasts and wildlife aficionados.

Birdwatchers find Wilpattu to be a sanctuary of avian diversity, with an impressive count of over 230 bird species. The harmonious coexistence of wetland and dry zone bird species enhances the allure of Wilpattu, making it a compelling destination for those with an appreciation for the variety of birdlife. Wilpattu boasts a robust population of Sri Lankan leopards, adding an air of mystery to its landscape.

The park’s vast terrain, marked by diverse ecosystems, provides an optimal setting for those keen on wildlife exploration and photography. Its extensive landscapes and ecological diversity create an essential pilgrimage for those in search of an authentic and immersive encounter with nature in the heart of Sri Lanka.

Horton Plains

Nestled within the central highlands of Sri Lanka, Horton Plains National Park emerges as a picturesque and ecologically vital destination. Encompassing approximately 3,160 hectares, this park forms an integral part of the expansive Central Highlands UNESCO World Heritage site. Located in the Nuwara Eliya district, it lies around 20 kilometers south of the town of Nuwara Eliya.

Horton Plains harbors a diverse array of flora and fauna, boasting many endemic and rare species. Serving as a sanctuary for endangered mammals like the sambar deer, purple-faced langur, and the elusive leopard, the park also teems with a plethora of birdlife, including the distinctive Sri Lanka whistling thrush.

One of the standout attractions within Horton Plains is the famed “World’s End,” a sheer cliff plunging some 870 meters (2,854 feet) into the valley below. The park beckons nature enthusiasts, hikers, and wildlife aficionados alike. With its captivating landscapes, distinctive geological formations, and a rich tapestry of biodiversity, the park offers an extraordinary opportunity to immerse oneself in the beauty and ecological abundance of the central highlands.

Udawalawa

Udawalawe National Park stands out as one of Sri Lanka’s most sought-after and easily accessible national parks, situated in the southern part of the country within the Ratnapura and Monaragala districts. Celebrated for its substantial population of Sri Lankan elephants, the park holds special appeal for wildlife enthusiasts.

The park is renowned for its thriving elephant community, offering visitors a significant chance to witness these majestic creatures in their native surroundings. Beyond elephants, the park hosts a diverse array of wildlife, including water buffalo, spotted deer, wild boar, and an abundance of bird species. In addition, over 20 species of mammals and many reptile species can be seen in the park.

For those exploring Udawalawe, safari tours have become a popular and exhilarating activity. Jeep safaris enable visitors to traverse the park’s, providing opportunities to observe wildlife in their natural habitats and marvel at the scenic wonders of the wilderness. The park’s varied ecosystems, diverse biodiversity, provides a distinctive and immersive experience for those eager to encounter the natural attraction of Sri Lanka.

Minneriya

Situated in the Polonnaruwa district of the North Central Province in Sri Lanka, Minneriya National Park is renowned for its expansive reservoir, Minneriya Tank, and the diverse landscapes that foster a wealth of flora and fauna.

A major attraction within Minneriya National Park is the renowned “Gathering” of Asian elephants. During the dry season period, hundreds of elephants from the surrounding areas converge around the Minneriya Tank, presenting a breathtaking display and offering a remarkable opportunity for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers. In addition to the elephants, the park is home to 24 species of mammals as well as a large amount of aquatic birds.

Tourists exploring Minneriya National Park often engage in jeep safari experiences. The park’s biodiversity, coupled with its cultural and historical significance, positions it as a compelling destination for those in search of a harmonious blend of wildlife encounters and cultural exploration in the heart of Sri Lanka.

Bundala

Situated on the southeast coast of Sri Lanka, approximately 15 kilometers east of Hambantota, Bundala National Park occupies a coastal location that deems it a crucial site for a variety of ecosystems, encompassing wetlands, lagoons, and dunes.

The park is renowned for its rich and varied flora and fauna. Home to diverse mammals such as elephants, spotted deer, and crocodiles, Bundala gains special acclaim for its exceptional avian population, establishing it as a haven for birdwatchers. Its dual role as a sanctuary for migratory birds and a habitat for diverse ecosystems significantly contributes to the overall natural richness of Sri Lanka’s southern coastal landscape.

As a designated Ramsar Wetland Site, Bundala holds international recognition as an essential area for migratory birds. It serves as a wintering haven for numerous species of migratory water birds, including the elegant flamingos, majestic pelicans, and a myriad of duck species. The park’s lagoons and marshes provide optimal conditions for these birds during their migratory sojourn.

Gal Oya

Gal Oya National Park stands as the primary draw in the region, holding the distinction of being Sri Lanka’s least-visited national park—a characteristic that ensures a more secluded and serene experience for discerning visitors. The park is renowned for its varied ecosystems, encompassing grassy plains, evergreen forests, and savannahs.

Within Gal Oya National Park, a diverse array of wildlife finds sanctuary, including elephants, crocodiles, water buffaloes, and a myriad of bird species. An exceptional feature of the park lies in the rare opportunity to observe elephants gracefully swimming between islands in the expansive reservoir—a behavior not commonly witnessed in other national parks.

A popular activity for visitors to Gal Oya involves embarking on boat safaris on Senanayake Samudraya. These safaris provide a distinctive perspective on wildlife, affording travelers the chance to witness animals congregating at the water’s edge while enjoying the tranquil ambiance of the vast reservoir.

Kumana

Nestled in the Ampara district of the Eastern Province, adjacent to Yala National Park, Kumana National Park boasts a coastal setting along the Indian Ocean, enhancing the park’s ecological diversity.

Renowned for its thriving biodiversity, Kumana encompasses a range of ecosystems, including mangroves, lagoons, and scrublands. This sanctuary is home to a plethora of mammal, reptile, and bird species, creating an idyllic haven for those passionate about wildlife.

Central to Kumana’s allure is the Kumana Villu, a network of interconnected lagoons and water bodies. Functioning as a vital water source for wildlife, it stands as a focal point for observing diverse bird species, presenting exceptional birdwatching opportunities. The park emerges as an extraordinary destination, abundant wildlife, and an unparalleled birdwatching experience.

Sinharaja Rainforest

Situated in the southwestern part of Sri Lanka, spanning the Sabaragamuwa and Southern provinces, Sinharaja boasts a strategic location that facilitates easy access from various parts of the country. The rainforest has been designated as a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site, UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and also a Biodiversity Hotspot by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Sinharaja is a sanctuary for an extensive array of flora and fauna, showcasing numerous endemic species. The apex of rainforests in Sri Lanka and home to 95% of the endemic birds in the country and globally important biodiversity venue with a highly unique cultural significance. Within its bounds, the rainforest shelters rare and endangered plants, insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, solidifying its status as a biodiversity hotspot in Sri Lanka.

The reserve beckons adventurers with trekking and nature trails, providing opportunities for visitors to delve into diverse landscapes, encounter wildlife, and marvel at the intrinsic beauty of the rainforest. Accompanied by knowledgeable guides, these tours offer insights into the ecology and significance of the area.

Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage

Located in the scenic town of Pinnawala, approximately 13 kilometers northeast of Kegalle and 90 kilometers from Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka, the orphanage strategically occupies a lush and picturesque setting.

The primary mission of providing care and protection to orphaned and injured elephants. Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage has evolved into a globally renowned conservation and rehabilitation center. Its commitment to the welfare of elephants has made it one of the most popular elephant sanctuaries worldwide.

Drawing visitors from across the globe, Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage has become a major tourist attraction, offering unique opportunities for close encounters with elephants in a semi-natural environment. The revenue generated from tourism plays a pivotal role in funding the ongoing care and maintenance of the elephants.

National Zoological Gardens – Dehiwala Zoo

Located in Dehiwala, a southern suburb easily reachable from Colombo’s city center, the zoo has become a favored destination for both residents and visitors due to its proximity to the capital.

Boasting a diverse collection of animals, including mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish, the zoo provides an opportunity for visitors to observe and learn about species from Sri Lanka and beyond. Among its inhabitants are elephants, lions, giraffes, primates, and a captivating array of exotic birds. An around 72 species of Mammals, 65 species of Birds, 31 species of Reptiles, 89 species of Fish, 03 families of Amphibians and 30 species of Butterflies have been recorded in the Zoo.

In essence, the National Zoological Gardens is a noteworthy attraction in Sri Lanka, seamlessly combining educational experiences, wildlife conservation initiatives, and a captivating array of animals, providing visitors with a rich and enjoyable experience. The Zoo supports and promotes conservation by breeding certain rare and endangered species through proper animal welfare.